Falls and Vision

Vision plays a major role in falls risk in the community setting.

A 2004 Cochrane review found that there have not been enough studies to form evidence-based recommendations about correcting visual impairment to prevent falls in any setting (community, hospital, aged care facilities).

Furthermore, studies have shown that multidisciplinary interventions are the most effective for falls prevention; little evidence showed that single interventions are effective, indicating that interventions to improve vision should form part of a multidisciplinary approach to falls prevention.

Cataracts

Visual changes resulting from cataracts are associated with increased postural instability and falls risk in older people who live in the community.

Glaucoma

People with Glaucoma can present with a range of loss of peripheral visual fields which can affect a person’s postural stability and their ability to detect obstacles and navigate through cluttered environments.

Macular degeneration

Macular degeneration can cause loss of central vision and is associated with impaired balance and an increased risk of falls.

Considerable research in the community setting has linked reduced vision including visual acuity, as well as depth of field and contrast sensitivity with an increased risk of falls or fractures.

Good practice points to consider include asking a person about their eyesight and record any visual complaints.  Check for signs of visual deterioration which may include, inability to see detail in objects, avoidance of reading or watching television, spilling drinks and bumping into objects.

If an undiagnosed visual problem is detected encourage a person to see their GP or an eye specialist to seek diagnosis and offer intervention.

Refer to an Occupational Therapist for:

Occupational therapists will also utilise interventions to help maximise visual cues and reduce visual hazards as well as advising family members and carers how best to assist.